What is the first step a nurse should take when encountering an unresponsive patient?

The first step a nurse should take when encountering an unresponsive patient is to check for responsiveness and assess airway, breathing, and circulation. Conducting this assessment is critical because it helps determine the patient's current state and whether immediate life-saving interventions are necessary.

By checking for responsiveness, the nurse can ascertain if the patient is in a state of unconsciousness or may respond to stimuli. The assessment of airway, breathing, and circulation, often referred to as the ABCs of emergency care, is essential for identifying possible life-threatening situations. If the airway is compromised, breathing is absent, or circulation is ineffective, timely intervention can be initiated based on the findings.

Taking this systematic approach ensures that the nurse assesses the foundational elements of life support before proceeding with any interventions, which may include CPR or activating emergency services. This step aligns with established emergency protocols and helps ensure patient safety during urgent situations.